Understanding Lithuania’s WWII Struggles and the Unwavering Support of the Lithuanian Diaspora in America
On September 1, 1939, the world was forever changed as Germany invaded Poland, marking the beginning of World War II. For Lithuania, this date is not only a historical marker but a reminder of a period filled with immense challenges, devastating occupations, and a struggle for survival. The impact of this war extended far beyond the borders of Lithuania, profoundly affecting the Lithuanian diaspora in the United States, who watched in horror as their homeland was plunged into turmoil. This article, posted on the anniversary of World War II’s start, explores the dual challenges Lithuania and its diaspora face, focusing on critical events, personal stories, and the lasting impact that endures today.
Lithuania Caught Between Giants – The Outbreak of World War II
The invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, by Nazi Germany marked the beginning of World War II, a global conflict that would engulf over 100 million people across more than 30 countries. For Lithuania, a small nation strategically located between Nazi Germany to the west and the Soviet Union to the east, the war signaled the start of a nightmare.
Lithuania’s precarious position was sealed by the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, signed on August 23, 1939, between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. This pact included a secret protocol that divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence. Initially, Lithuania was placed under German control. Still, a subsequent agreement in September 1939 transferred Lithuania to the Soviet sphere of influence, setting the stage for the following devastating occupations.
On June 15, 1940, under the threat of Soviet military force, Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet Union. The occupation was swift and brutal, leading to the annexation of Lithuania as a Soviet Socialist Republic. The NKVD, the Soviet secret police, unleashed a reign of terror, targeting anyone perceived as a threat to Soviet control, including politicians, military officers, intellectuals, and religious leaders. Thousands of Lithuanians were arrested, deported to Siberia, or executed.
Yet, Lithuania’s suffering did not end there. On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany launched Operation Barbarossa, invading the Soviet Union and quickly advancing into Lithuania. Initially, some Lithuanians hoped that the Germans would liberate them from Soviet oppression. However, this hope was quickly dashed as the Nazi occupation brought its own set of horrors, most notably the Holocaust, which led to the extermination of approximately 90% of Lithuania’s Jewish population – around 200,000 people. The Lithuanian people found themselves trapped between two brutal regimes, both intent on crushing their identity and sovereignty.
The Role of the Lithuanian Diaspora, A Community United in Action
As news of the atrocities and occupations reached the Lithuanian diaspora in the United States, the community responded with a profound sense of duty and determination. The Lithuanian American community, deeply connected to their homeland, quickly mobilized to provide humanitarian aid and political advocacy despite being thousands of miles away.
Organizations such as the Lithuanian American Council (Amerikos Lietuvių Taryba) became central to these efforts. They worked tirelessly to lobby the U.S. government to recognize and support Lithuanian independence. Their advocacy included organizing protests, sending letters to politicians, and using every available platform to raise awareness about Lithuania’s plight.
The challenges posed by wartime shortages did not deter the diaspora. Lithuanian Americans organized drives to collect food, clothing, and medical supplies sent to their suffering compatriots in Lithuania. Though modest in the context of a global war, these efforts provided a vital lifeline to many Lithuanians struggling under occupation.
Beyond material aid, the Lithuanian diaspora played a significant role in preserving Lithuanian culture and identity during this tumultuous period. Lithuanian parishes, schools, and cultural organizations in the United States became bastions of Lithuanian heritage, ensuring that the language, traditions, and history were passed down to future generations. This commitment to cultural preservation was a way to maintain a connection to the homeland and a form of resistance against the forces that sought to erase Lithuania’s identity.
The Human Side of the Struggle
The impact of World War II on the Lithuanian diaspora was deeply personal. Many Lithuanian Americans had family members and friends directly affected by the occupations. For instance, the story of Antanas, a Lithuanian immigrant in Chicago, is one of many that highlight the emotional toll of the war. Antanas received letters from his sister, who described the horrors of Soviet deportations and, later, the brutalities of the Nazi occupation. These letters, filled with fear and despair, galvanized Antanas and his fellow immigrants to intensify their efforts to support Lithuania.
Another poignant story is that of Marija, a Lithuanian American schoolteacher in Boston. Marija’s father had been a prominent figure in Lithuania before the war, and he was among those targeted by the NKVD. Despite the distance, Marija never gave up hope for her father’s survival. She dedicated herself to teaching the Lithuanian language to the children of immigrants, believing that preserving their language and culture was a way to honor her father’s memory and resist the forces that sought to destroy their heritage.
Expert Insights & Historical Perspectives
Dr. Violeta Davoliūtė, a renowned historian specializing in Eastern European studies, highlights the profound impact of the Soviet and Nazi occupations on Lithuania’s national psyche. “The dual occupation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany created a complex and traumatic legacy for the nation,” she explains. “It’s a history marked by immense suffering and the remarkable resilience of the Lithuanian people.”
Another expert, Dr. Saulius Sužiedėlis, notes that the efforts of the Lithuanian diaspora in the United States were pivotal in keeping the hope of independence alive during the darkest days of occupation. “The Lithuanian American community’s unwavering commitment to their homeland played an essential role in the eventual restoration of Lithuania’s independence in 1990,” says Dr. Sužiedėlis. “Their advocacy, humanitarian efforts, and dedication to preserving culture helped maintain Lithuanian identity and sovereignty even when hope seemed lost.”
The Legacy of World War II – Reflections & Renewed Commitment
As we reflect on the events of World War II, it is essential to recognize that the war did not immediately bring freedom to Lithuania. Instead, the country endured nearly five decades of Soviet repression, a period marked by widespread fear, suffering, and resistance. The Lithuanian diaspora, particularly in the United States, played an essential role in keeping the dream of a free and independent Lithuania alive during these years. Their activism and advocacy were vital in the global movement that eventually led to the restoration of Lithuania’s independence in 1990.
The legacy of World War II continues to resonate in Lithuania and among its diaspora. The stories of resistance, sacrifice, and survival remain a powerful reminder of the strength and resilience of the Lithuanian people. Today, as we remember the beginning of World War II on September 1, we honor the memory of those who fought and died for Lithuania’s freedom. We recognize the bravery of the partisans who took to the forests to resist occupation, the dedication of the Lithuanian National Guard in supporting these efforts, and the unwavering support of the Lithuanian diaspora.
* * *
The story of World War II is a chapter in history and a reminder of the enduring spirit of the Lithuanian people. Despite the immense challenges, Lithuania’s determination to survive, thrive, and preserve its identity has never wavered. Their sacrifices during those dark times remind us to work hard so that Lithuania’s spirit stays vital for future generations.
Get Involved and Support the Lithuanian National Guard
As we carry forward the lessons from that era and the indomitable spirit that moved Lithuanians through such trying times, your involvement today can make a lasting impact. Whether you are a proud Lithuanian or someone who values freedom, you can help keep the spirit of Lithuania alive by joining our efforts. Here’s how you can get involved:
- Join Our Organization: Become a member of the Lithuanian National Guard and help preserve our culture and serve our community.
- Subscribe to Our Newsletter: Stay informed about upcoming events and the latest news within our community.
- Participate in Our Events: Your participation is vital. Support our cause by attending cultural festivals, language classes, or public discussions.
- Donate: Your contributions help us plan and organize events that support our community and preserve our heritage.
Together, we can ensure that the spirit of Lithuania continues to burn brightly, just as it did during those dark days of World War II.
References
- Davoliūtė, Violeta. The Making and Breaking of Soviet Lithuania. Routledge, 2013.
- Sužiedėlis, Saulius. The Tragedy of Lithuania: From Soviet Occupation to Nazi Occupation. Brill, 2012.
- “Lithuania in World War II.” Encyclopedia Britannica.
Silvija Motiejunas has been an active member of the Lithuanian National Guard’s “Klaipėda” Company since March 2024 and joined the LAC Marquette Park chapter board in June 2024. She is committed to preserving the history of the Lithuanian National Guard. Silvija records and shares events that matter to both Lithuanians and the wider community. Her work has appeared in local Lithuanian newspapers like “Draugas” and is now featured in the Chronicles and other parts of our website. Silvija’s writing reflects the spirit and activities that keep our cultural heritage alive.
